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2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Natürliche Immunität und ihre Bedeutung für das Mikrobiom

verfasst von : T. Volz, Dr. med., T. Biedermann, Prof. Dr. med.

Erschienen in: Allergologie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Das natürliche Immunsystem stellt eine erste und rasch einsetzende Immunantwort gegenüber Mikroorganismen bereit. Wie sie funktioniert, wurde in den letzten Jahren immer exakter entschlüsselt, und eine zentrale Rolle für dieses System spielen Pathogenerkennungsrezeptoren (PRR). Dabei kann die natürliche Immunität die Ausbildung der adaptiven Immunität auslösen und entscheidend prägen, somit auch die eine Allergie vermittelnden Immunantworten. Das Zusammenwirken von Zellen des natürlichen und des adaptiven Immunsystems sowie der Einfluss aktivierter PRR erlauben die Ausbildung verschiedener Immunqualitäten. Diese Immunqualitäten drücken sich in den unterschiedlichen T-Helfersubtypen aus und können Entzündungen verstärken (Th1, Th17) oder modulieren und sogar immunologische Toleranz (Treg) bewirken. Im Kontext einer Allergie können ebenfalls allergiefördernde oder tolerogene sowie antiinflammatorisch Immunqualitäten wirksam werden. Die gezielte Beeinflussung der adaptiven Immunantwort durch die natürliche Immunität und deren Aktivatoren eröffnet auch Therapieoptionen bei Allergien. Besonders die Daten aus der Analyse des humanen Mikrobioms und die sich daran anschließenden funktionellen Untersuchungen mit der Identifikation von potenziell tolerogen wirkenden mikrobiellen Substanzen könnten eine ganz neue Klasse von biologischen Präparaten hervorbringen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Natürliche Immunität und ihre Bedeutung für das Mikrobiom
verfasst von
T. Volz, Dr. med.
T. Biedermann, Prof. Dr. med.
Copyright-Jahr
2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_4

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